White-Crowned Sparrows Can Only Learn the "Crystallized" Song for Their

question 53

Multiple Choice

White-crowned sparrows can only learn the "crystallized" song for their species by

• A)listening to adult sparrow songs during a sensitive period as a fledgling, followed by a practice period until the juvenile matches its melody to its memorized fledgling song.
• B)listening to the song of its own species during a critical period so that it will imprint to its own species song and not the songs of other songbird species.
• C)practicing as a fledgling until the innate species-specific song becomes perfected.
• D)performing the crystallized song as adults when they become sexually mature, as the song is programmed into the innate behaviour for the species.
• E)observing and practising after receiving social confirmation from other adults at a critical period during their first episode of courtship behaviour.

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Definitions:

Peripheral Vasodilation

The widening of blood vessels in the peripheral parts of the body, often in response to heat, exercise, or certain vasodilatory signals, leading to increased blood flow.

Urine Output

The volume of urine released by the kidneys over a defined period, indicating hydration status and renal health.

Angiotensin II

A potent vasoconstrictor involved in blood pressure regulation and fluid balance, formed from angiotensin I through the action of ACE.

Renin Release

The action of the kidneys releasing the enzyme renin into the bloodstream, which plays a crucial role in blood pressure regulation.