Use the Following Information to Answer the Next Few Questions

question 51

Multiple Choice

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
Two populations of the highly ornamented white-crested sparrow species are spatially separated by a mountain range. Males from the two populations exhibit differing elaborate courtship displays. When a female appears, the males from the eastern population approach the female while bobbing their heads and spreading their wings, while the western population approaches a female by hopping and flapping their wings. Individuals from each population reared in isolation exhibited the same courtship displays as those in the wild.
-Which of the following is true of innate behaviours?

• A)Their expression is only weakly influenced by genes.
• B)They occur with or without environmental stimuli.
• C)They are limited to invertebrate animals.
• D)They are expressed in most individuals in a population.
• E)They occur in invertebrates and some vertebrates but not mammals.

---

Definitions:

Naturalistic Observation

A research method in which subjects are observed in their natural environment without any manipulation by the observer.

Placebo Effect

A psychological phenomenon where a fake treatment improves a person's condition simply because they believe the treatment will work.

Operational Definition

A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures (operations) used in a research study. For example, human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures.

Room Lighting

The use of light sources to illuminate an indoor area, which can impact mood, productivity, and visual comfort.