White-Crowned Sparrows Can Only Learn the "Crystallized" Song for Their

question 53

Multiple Choice

White-crowned sparrows can only learn the "crystallized" song for their species by

• A)listening to adult sparrow songs during a sensitive period as a fledgling, followed by a practice period until the juvenile matches its melody to its memorized fledgling song.
• B)listening to the song of its own species during a critical period so that it will imprint to its own species song and not the songs of other songbird species.
• C)practicing as a fledgling until the innate species-specific song becomes perfected.
• D)performing the crystallized song as adults when they become sexually mature, as the song is programmed into the innate behaviour for the species.
• E)observing and practising after receiving social confirmation from other adults at a critical period during their first episode of courtship behaviour.

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Definitions:

Standard Deviation

A measure of the dispersion or variation in a set of numbers, indicating how spread out the values are from the mean.

Measure of Central Tendency

A statistical tool used to identify the center of a data set, commonly represented by the mean, median, or mode.

Mode

The most frequently occurring value in a set of data or distribution in statistics.

Variability

The extent to which data points in a statistical distribution or data set diverge from the average or mean, showing the spread or dispersion of the data.