During the Course of the Formation of a Parasite/host Relationship

question 11

Multiple Choice

During the course of the formation of a parasite/host relationship, a critical first step in this evolution would be

• A)changing the behaviour of the host or intermediate host.
• B)developing asexual reproduction.
• C)deriving nourishment without killing the host.
• D)starting as an ectoparasite and then later becoming an endoparasite.
• E)utilizing heterotropic nutrition during infection and autotrophic nutrition during dormancy.

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Definitions:

Strongest Activating Group

A substituent that increases the reactivity of an aromatic ring toward electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions the most.

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

A reaction where an electrophile replaces a hydrogen atom in an aromatic ring, a common mechanism in aromatic chemistry.

Sigma Complex

An intermediate in certain chemical reactions characterized by a fully saturated carbon atom bonded to a metal center.

Generic Electrophile

A broadly defined electron-deficient species capable of forming new bonds by accepting a pair of electrons from a nucleophile.