Why Is the Administration of a Pretest a Cause for Concern

question 28

Multiple Choice

Why is the administration of a pretest a cause for concern in a research study?

• A) It is a threat to internal validity, as it may affect the posttest results.
• B) It is a threat to external validity, as it may affect the posttest results.
• C) It is a form of selection bias that contributes to the problem of maturation.
• D) It is a form of maturation that contributes to the problem of selection bias.

---

Definitions:

Esophagus

The muscular tube that transports food from the throat to the stomach by a series of coordinated muscle movements.

Oral Cavity

The mouth’s interior space, including the lips, gums, front portion of the tongue, and teeth, which plays a role in speech, digestion, and respiration.

Splenic Flexure

The part of the large intestine that connects the transverse colon to the descending colon, located near the spleen.

Sigmoid Colon

The part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus.