An AP Axial (Towne Method) Cranial Projection with Poor Positioning

question 37

Multiple Choice

An AP axial (Towne method) cranial projection with poor positioning demonstrates the dorsum sellae superior to the foramen magnum. How was the positioning setup mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained?
1) The patient's face was rotated toward the left side.
2) The chin was not adequately tucked.
3) The OML was not aligned perpendicular to the IR.
4) The central ray was angled too caudally.

• A) 1 only
• B) 4 only
• C) 2 and 3 only
• D) 2, 3, and 4 only

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Definitions:

Meyer Friedman

A cardiologist known for co-developing the theory that the Type A behavior pattern increases the risk of heart disease.

Walter Cannon

A physiologist known for his work on the fight or flight response and contributions to understanding the autonomic nervous system.

General Adaptation Syndrome

A three-stage response (alarm, resistance, exhaustion) that the body goes through when exposed to stress.

Resistance

In psychology, resistance refers to the opposition or pushback against external demands, changes, or therapy progress, often arising from unconscious defenses.