Define the Following Formalization,centralization,and Specialization

question 30

Essay

Define the following formalization,centralization,and specialization.

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Definitions:

Critical Value

A point on a statistical distribution that represents a threshold beyond which a given hypothesis is rejected.

P-value

The probability of obtaining the observed results of a test, assuming the null hypothesis is true.

Sample Sizes

The number of observations or datapoints used in a sample for the purpose of statistical analysis.