Studies of Hostage Negotiations Indicate That They Tend to Follow

question 15

Multiple Choice

Studies of hostage negotiations indicate that they tend to follow a common cycle:

• A) Both sides first establish the give-and-take rules of debate and negotiation.
• B) Both parties will make exaggerated demands.
• C) There is a period of withdrawal and a return to negotiations with more moderate demands.
• D) Both parties will make exaggerated demands, and there is a period of withdrawal and a return to negotiations with more moderate demands.

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Definitions:

Negative Reinforcement

A behavior modification technique that involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a desired response.

Positive Reinforcement

Any pleasant or desirable consequence that follows a response and increases the probability that the response will be repeated.

Punishment

A consequence that reduces the likelihood of a behavior being repeated in the future.

Shaping

A method of training or teaching that involves reinforcing behaviors that are progressively closer to the desired behavior.