How Does a Dually Innervated Autonomic Effector Differ from a Singly

question 44

Multiple Choice

How does a dually innervated autonomic effector differ from a singly innervated autonomic effector?

• A) A dually innervated effector receives input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways. A singly innervated autonomic effector receives input from only the sympathetic division.
• B) A dually innervated effector receives input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways. A singly innervated autonomic effector receives input from only the parasympathetic division.
• C) A dually innervated effector utilizes both acetylcholine and norepinephrine as neurotransmitters. A singly innervated autonomic effector utilizes only acetylcholine.
• D) A dually innervated effector utilizes both acetylcholine and norepinephrine as neurotransmitters. A singly innervated autonomic effector uses only norepinephrine.

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Definitions:

Electrical Stimulation

The application of electrical impulses to nerves or muscles to evoke a response, often used in medical treatment and research.

Computerised Tomography

A medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of multiple X-ray measurements taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of specific areas of a scanned object, allowing the user to see inside the object without cutting.

Positron Emission Tomography

A nuclear medicine functional imaging technique used to observe metabolic processes in the body as an aid to the diagnosis of disease.

Electrical Stimulation

A therapeutic method or research tool that applies electrical currents through electrodes to stimulate nerves, muscles, or brain areas for various purposes.