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Adaptive immunity requires two signals: antigen and chemical.
Amino Group
A functional group consisting of a nitrogen atom attached by single bonds to hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups, or aryl groups.
Amino Acid
Organic compounds containing an amine group, a carboxylic acid group, and a side chain that varies between different amino acids, key building blocks of proteins.
Aspartic Acid
One of the 20 common amino acids in proteins, with a carboxylate side chain, making it acidic and polar.
Succinic Acid
A dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C4H6O4, used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, food additives, and biodegradable polymers.
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