Although Federal District Courts Are Theoretically Bound by Supreme Court

question 53

Multiple Choice

Although federal district courts are theoretically bound by Supreme Court precedents,they sometimes deviate because

• A)the facts of a case are seldom precisely the same as those of similar cases decided by the Supreme Court.
• B)federal judges may misunderstand the Court's judicial reasoning or position.
• C)ambiguities or unaddressed issues in Supreme Court rulings give lower courts some flexibility in deciding cases.
• D)of all these factors: the facts of a case are seldom precisely the same as those of similar cases decided by the Supreme Court; federal judges may misunderstand the Court's judicial reasoning or position; and ambiguities or unaddressed issues in the Court's rulings give lower courts some flexibility in deciding cases.
• E)None of these answers is correct.

Recognize the role of external and internal justification in cognitive dissonance theory.

Explain the processes and outcomes involved in dissonance reduction strategies, such as spreading of alternatives and trivialization.

Analyze the impact of cultural backgrounds on the experience and handling of cognitive dissonance.

Describe the induced compliance and induced hypocrisy paradigms in cognitive dissonance research.

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Definitions:

External Behaviors

Observable actions or reactions of individuals in response to external stimuli.

Neurotransmitter Serotonin

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter in the brain involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, memory, and learning; imbalances are linked to depression and other mood disorders.

Stressful Life Events

Significant occurrences in a person's life that disrupt the typical flow of daily life and can have profound effects on psychological and physiological well-being.

Professional Help

Assistance provided by individuals with specialized training and credentials, often in healthcare or counseling professionals, to address physical, mental, or emotional issues.