Renal Adaptations That Permit "Normal" Function Eventually Fail, Causing a Progression

question 4

Multiple Choice

Renal adaptations that permit "normal" function eventually fail, causing a progression toward ESRD because of

• A)loss of nephrons.
• B)uremia.
• C)increases in blood pressure.
• D)imbalances between glomerular and tubular functions.

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Definitions:

Vibrio

A spirillum (spiral-shaped bacterium) that is shaped like a comma. Compare with spirillum, spirochete, bacillus, and coccus.

Endospores

Resistant, dormant structures formed within some bacteria, enabling survival in harsh environmental conditions.

Exotoxins

Potent toxins secreted by bacteria that can cause damage to the host by destroying cells or disrupting normal cellular metabolism.

Capsules

In microbiology, a gelatinous covering that encloses some bacteria, enhancing their ability to cause disease.