External Validity Refers to Whether the Manipulation of the Independent

question 37

True/False

External validity refers to whether the manipulation of the independent variables or treatments actually caused the observed effects on the dependent variables.

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Definitions:

MC = MR

A condition where a firm's marginal cost equals its marginal revenue, often used to determine the optimal level of output and price in perfect competition.

Monopolistic Competition

A market structure characterized by many firms selling products that are similar but not identical, allowing for competition based on factors other than price.

Positive Economic Profits

Earnings that exceed the total costs, including both explicit and implicit costs, signalling strong market performance.

Monopolistically Competitive

Monopolistically competitive refers to a market structure where many firms sell similar but not identical products, with each firm having some degree of market power.