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Steroid hormones
Chronic Bronchitis
A long-term condition characterized by persistent inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles, leading to coughing, mucus production, and difficulty breathing.
Cigarette Smoking
The act of inhaling and exhaling the smoke produced by burning tobacco in cigarettes, which is a major risk factor for many diseases, including respiratory infections and lung cancer.
Air Pollutants
Substances in the air that are harmful to human health or the environment, typically resulting from human activities such as industry and transportation.
Fine and Ultrafine Particles
Small particles found in the air, often resulting from pollution, which can pose health risks due to their ability to penetrate deep into the lungs.
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