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​Total Surplus or Gains Created from Trade Equal

question 35

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​Total surplus or gains created from trade equal


Definitions:

Valence Shell

The outermost shell of an electron orbiting the nucleus of an atom, determining the atom's chemical properties and reactivity.

Anion

A negatively charged ion, which forms when an atom or molecule gains one or more electrons.

Chemical Elements

Substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means, consisting of atoms with the same number of protons.

Oxidation

The loss of one or more electrons (or hydrogen atoms) by an atom, ion, or molecule.

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