Superstitious Behaviors Are Often Very Resistant to Extinction Because They

question 258

Multiple Choice

Superstitious behaviors are often very resistant to extinction because they tend to be reinforced on:

• A)a continuous reinforcement schedule
• B)a variable-ratio schedule
• C)a fixed-interval schedule
• D)an adjusting-interval schedule

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Definitions:

Psychological Egoism

The theory that all human actions are motivated by self-interest, suggesting that altruistic acts are ultimately done for one's own benefit.

Utilitarianism

An ethical theory that posits the best action is the one that maximizes utility, typically defined as that which produces the greatest well-being of the greatest number of people.

Duty-Based

An ethical framework that focuses on the duties or obligations one has in order to act ethically, often associated with Immanuel Kant's deontological ethics.

Care Ethics

An approach to moral theory that emphasizes interpersonal relationships and urges the reliance on virtues related to caring as a basis for assessing how to act in specific cases. This approach has been developed and defended by feminist theorists and is sometimes called “feminist ethics,” though in principle one can defend this approach without relating it to women or to feminist concerns.