After Reading the Paragraphs Below, Answer the Questions That Follow

question 31

Multiple Choice

After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow.
Mr. and Mrs. Smith have three sons in elementary school. Two of their children are progressing normally, but their youngest son, Charles, has been much slower than his siblings in developing speech and language skills. His parents are concerned that he has a learning disability and decide to investigate further. Since some learning disabilities can be genetically based, their pediatrician recommends a chromosomal analysis.
The results show that Charles has a trisomy of the sex chromosomes, diagnosed as XYY, which is caused by nondisjunction in the formation of the father's sperm. The nondisjunction resulted in an extra copy of the Y chromosome. The extra copy was passed on to Charles during fertilization. Most often, this chromosomal change causes no unusual physical features or medical problems, but those with trisomy of the sex chromosomes do have a higher than normal risk of delays in learning development.
-During which stage of meiosis could this nondisjunction have occurred?

• A)telophase I
• B)prophase I
• C)anaphase II
• D)telophase II

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Definitions:

Supreme Court's Decisions

The rulings and opinions delivered by the Supreme Court of the United States, which have the final authority in legal disputes.

State Power

The authority granted to states to govern within their territories, recognizing their rights and responsibilities.

McCulloch V. Maryland

A landmark Supreme Court case in 1819 that established the principle of federal supremacy over state laws and laid the groundwork for the expansive interpretation of the federal government's implied powers.

Gibbons V. Ogden

A landmark Supreme Court case in 1824 that clarified the scope of Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause, ruling that federal law overrules state law in matters of interstate commerce.