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After Reading the Paragraphs Below, Answer the Questions That Follow

question 57

Multiple Choice

After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow.
Mr. and Mrs. Smith have three sons in elementary school. Two of their children are progressing normally, but their youngest son, Charles, has been much slower than his siblings in developing speech and language skills. His parents are concerned that he has a learning disability and decide to investigate further. Since some learning disabilities can be genetically based, their pediatrician recommends a chromosomal analysis.
The results show that Charles has a trisomy of the sex chromosomes, diagnosed as XYY, which is caused by nondisjunction in the formation of the father's sperm. The nondisjunction resulted in an extra copy of the Y chromosome. The extra copy was passed on to Charles during fertilization. Most often, this chromosomal change causes no unusual physical features or medical problems, but those with trisomy of the sex chromosomes do have a higher than normal risk of delays in learning development.
-If Charles gets married and starts a family, which of the following chromosomal abnormalities has an increased chance of occurring in his children?

Definitions:

Average Variable Cost

The total variable costs divided by the quantity of output produced, indicating the average cost of production per unit when fixed costs are excluded.

Marginal Cost

The additional cost incurred by producing one more unit of a product or service.

Shut Down

A short-term decision by a firm to cease operations when variable costs exceed revenues, typically in a perfect competition scenario.

Short Run

A time period in economics during which at least one factor of production is fixed, limiting the ability of the economy or firm to fully adjust.