After Reading the Paragraphs Below, Answer the Questions That Follow

question 31

Multiple Choice

After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow.
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is characterized by the buildup of glucose in the blood, or hyperglycemia. Diabetes results either from the pancreas not being able to produce the hormone insulin (type 1 diabetes) or if the body's cells become resistant to insulin (type 2 diabetes) . Insulin is a protein that binds to receptors on cell surfaces to allow glucose to enter the cell.
In order to manage the disease, type 1 diabetics require frequent insulin injections. Until the 1970s, insulin was obtained from processing the pancreases of large mammals such as cows and pigs; it was then purified for medicinal use. This all changed in the 1970s with the advent of recombinant DNA technology, which allows scientists to insert genes from other species into bacterial plasmids and have bacteria produce proteins from these other species' genes. In 1978, the gene that codes for human insulin was added to a bacterial plasmid and bacteria were used to produce human insulin. These bacteria acted as mini-factories that produced human insulin for type 1 diabetes patients. Today, the production of human insulin from bacteria is commonplace and is a multibillion dollar market for pharmaceutical companies.
-In order for bacterial cells to be able to produce the human insulin protein, which of the following do not have to be true?

• A)Bacteria and humans have to use the same genetic code.
• B)Bacterial RNA polymerases have to recognize human promoters.
• C)Bacterial ribosomes have to recognize human start and stop codons.
• D)Bacteria have to have a gene for a bacterial form of insulin.

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Definitions:

Establish and Enforce

The process of setting up rules or principles and ensuring their observance by applying penalties for violations.

Authoritative Parents

Parents who are both demanding and responsive, they set clear standards for their children but also encourage independence and are attentive to their needs.

Legalistic

Adhering strictly to the letter or strict interpretation of the law or rules, often disregarding the spirit or intention behind them.

Permissive

A parenting or management style characterized by low demands with high responsiveness.