Cigarette Smoking Can Sometimes Lead to Development of a "Smoker's

question 31

Multiple Choice

Cigarette smoking can sometimes lead to development of a "smoker's cough," which results from paralysis of cilia in the airways. Why would the paralysis of cilia lead to smoker's cough?

• A) Paralyzed cilia can no longer clear the airways of mucus, so coughing helps remove it.
• B) Paralyzed cilia can no longer provide an immune response to protect the airways from harmful compounds in the smoke, so coughing is used to try to prevent the compounds from damaging the airways.
• C) Paralyzed cilia lead to a nervous response that "tickles" the airways and induces coughing.
• D) Paralyzed cilia push mucus downward into the alveoli, which coughing attempts to remove.

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Definitions:

Activity Levels

The degree of physical or mental exertion displayed by an individual or group, often measured in terms of energy expenditure.

Interdependence

A mutual dependency between things, where each gives and receives support, often used to describe relationships within ecosystems or among nations.

Temperamental Characteristics

Inherent personality traits that significantly influence an individual's behavior and reactions from an early age.

Activity Level

The degree of physical or mental action or function, which can vary significantly among individuals and influence health and behavior.