Anton and His Friends Are Discussing a Study He Read

question 54

Multiple Choice

Anton and his friends are discussing a study he read about in his developmental psychology class.In the study,the researcher made the claim that a majority of middle school students who are bullied have low self-esteem.Clarissa questions the study,saying,"I am not sure that I am convinced-I am not sure you can really measure being bullied." Quinn also questions the study,saying,"Which middle school students did they study? I am curious if they included both private and public school students." Manish also is curious about the study,asking,"I wonder how strong the relationship is between bullying and self-esteem.Could you predict one from the other?"

-Clarissa's concern is addressing which of the following?

• A)The study's statistical validity
• B)The study's internal validity
• C)The study's external validity
• D)The study's construct validity

Understand the concept of contribution margin and its application in determining break-even points and target profits.

Analyze the impact of changes in sales volume, selling price, and cost structure on net operating income.

Calculate and interpret the margin of safety in both dollar and percentage terms.

Understand the concept of operating leverage and its effect on profitability.

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Definitions:

Universal Generalization

A logical principle stating that what is true of all instances of a certain class can be said to be generally true of that class.

Existential Instantiation

A logical principle allowing for the inference of the existence of an instance of a predicate from a statement asserting the existence of some (possibly unspecified) instance.

Universal Instantiation

A logical rule stating that if something is true for everything in a certain category, it is true for each specific member of that category.

Existential Generalization

A logical inference rule that allows for the conclusion that something exists based on the existence of a particular instance.