DrMoynihan Conducts a Study Examining the Relationship Between the Number

question 50

Essay

Dr.Moynihan conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of panic attacks a person experienced in the past month,the number of nightmares experienced in the past month,and people's levels of neuroticism (a personality trait characterized by instability,anxiety,and worry).She collects a convenience sample of 50 community college students (25 males,25 females).Below are her findings.
-A-number of panic attacks in the past month and neuroticism: r = -.03,not sig.
-B-number of panic attacks in the past month and number of nightmares in the past month:
r = -.14 (p = .05)
-C-number of nightmares in the past month and neuroticism: r = .48 (p = .003)

-Examining Dr.Moynihan's study and using the three criteria of causation,why can she not say that the number of panic attacks in the past month causes one to have fewer nightmares in the same month?

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Definitions:

Contract Multiplier

A factor used to determine the cash value of each point of change in a futures or options contract, affecting the total contract value.

S&P 500

A stock market index that measures the stock performance of 500 of the largest companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States, often used as a benchmark for the overall market.

Dividend Yield

A financial ratio that shows how much a company pays out in dividends each year relative to its stock price.

Risk-Free Interest Rate

The hypothetical gain from an investment that is free from any risk of financial loss, frequently depicted by the government bond yield.