DrPaddock Is a Counseling Psychologist Who Is Interested in Decreasing

question 28

Essay

Dr.Paddock is a counseling psychologist who is interested in decreasing adjustment issues in first-year college students.She is curious if having students create collages of their first few weeks of school and then mailing them home will help students feel they have integrated their new life with their old and,as a result,will help them feel less homesick.She samples a group of 100 incoming college freshmen at her university and measures how homesick they are during the first week of school.During Week 4 of school,she has them make the collage and send it home.During Week 7 of school,she measures their homesickness again.She notices a significant reduction in the amount of homesickness from the pretest to the posttest and concludes that her treatment is effective.

-Imagine in Dr.Paddock's study that the pretest scores were incredibly high,indicating a large amount of homesickness in her sample.What kind of threat to internal validity does this pose? How does this affect her conclusion that her treatment for homesickness worked?

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Multiple Sclerosis

A chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, leading to various neurological symptoms.

Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers in the brain and body that transmit signals between neurons or from neurons to muscles.

Sodium Ions

Positively charged particles (Na+) that play critical roles in the body, including regulating blood pressure, muscle function, and fluid balance.

Potassium Ions

Charged particles of potassium, essential for various physiological processes including nerve transmission and muscle contraction.