Anton and His Friends Are Discussing a Study He Read

question 9

Multiple Choice

Anton and his friends are discussing a study he read about in his developmental psychology class. In the study, the researcher made the claim that most middle school students who are bullied have low self-esteem. Clarissa questions the study, saying, "I am not sure that I am convinced. I am not sure you can really measure being bullied." Quinn also questions the study, saying, "Which middle school students did they study? I am curious if they included both private and public school students." Manish also is curious about the study, asking, "I wonder how strong the relationship is between bullying and self-esteem. Could you predict one from the other?"
Anton is concerned that the researcher made a Type I error. What does that mean?

• A)The researcher failed to consider a third variable.
• B)The researcher concluded there was a relationship, but there isn't really one.
• C)The researcher failed to establish the first rule of causation.
• D)The researcher concluded there was not a relationship, but there really is one.

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Definitions:

Physical Surroundings

The environmental factors or conditions in a specific location that can affect individuals' behaviors, experiences, and interactions.

Market Leader

A company that has the largest market share in a given industry, dominating the competition in terms of sales, innovation, or brand recognition.

Low-involvement Product

A product that requires minimal thought and effort from the consumer prior to and during purchase.

Situational Influences

External factors that affect consumer behavior at the time of purchase, including physical environment, social settings, and time.