Dr Moynihan Conducts a Study Examining the Relationship Between the Number

question 20

Essay

Dr. Moynihan conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of panic attacks a person experienced in the past month, the number of nightmares experienced in the past month, and people's levels of neuroticism (a personality trait characterized by instability, anxiety, and worry). She collects a convenience sample of 50 community college students (25 males, 25 females). Below are her findings.
•A (number of panic attacks in the past month and neuroticism): r =.03, not sig.
•B (number of panic attacks in the past month and number of nightmares in the past month): r =.14 (p = .05)
•C (number of nightmares in the past month and neuroticism): r = .48 (p = .003).
What is an outlier? What aspect of Dr. Moynihan's study makes her findings especially susceptible to outliers? Why is this a problem?

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Definitions:

Fixed Costs

Fixed costs are business expenses that remain constant regardless of production volume, such as rent, salaries, and insurance premiums.

Direct Materials Price Variance

The difference between the actual cost and the standard cost of materials used in production, indicating how efficiently materials are being purchased.

Standard Price

Standard price is a predetermined cost assigned to materials and goods, used in budgeting and costing calculations.

Actual Price

The real price at which a transaction takes place, unaffected by any discounts or premiums.