Which of the Following Is a Threat to Internal Validity

question 44

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a threat to internal validity found in within-groups designs but not in independent-groups designs?

• A)Selection effects
• B)Design confounds
• C)Demand characteristics
• D)Practice effects

Recognize the constitutional basis and implications of federalism in the United States.

Distinguish between the powers held by the states and those held by the national government.

Identify the roles and limitations of the central government in various governance systems.

Examine the advantages and challenges of a federal system of government.

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Definitions:

Vygotsky

A Russian psychologist known for his work on cognitive development, particularly his theory on the social development of children and the importance of cultural and interpersonal interactions.

Private Speech

Self-directed speech that allows individuals to guide their own actions and thoughts, often observed in children.

Egocentric

A cognitive perspective where an individual has difficulty understanding or assuming any perspective other than their own.

Social Experience

The exposure and interaction an individual has within a social context, shaping their perceptions, behaviors, and understanding of social norms.