Dr Phillips Is a Cognitive-Developmental Psychologist Who Studies How Children

question 32

Essay

Dr. Phillips is a cognitive-developmental psychologist who studies how children learn mathematical principles. His current interest is in studying how children learn multiplication. He recruits 54 second-graders who have not yet learned how to multiply numbers to participate in his study. He is curious as to whether different teaching styles lead to better mastery of the subject. One condition (A) involves having students read a chapter on multiplication from their textbook. One condition (B) involves having students watch a video of cartoon characters explaining multiplication. One condition (C) involves having students being taught multiplication by a teacher. One condition (D) involves having students being taught multiplication by a fourth-grader. In all conditions, participants spend 30 minutes learning the fundamentals of multiplication and are then given the same 15-question multiplication test. The number of questions answered correctly is recorded. The data are below.

Name two ways that Dr. Phillips could avoid selection threat when he is assigning participants to conditions and explain why each of these methods avoids selection threat.

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Definitions:

Electronic Repair Revenues

Income generated from the business of fixing and restoring electronic devices and components to working condition.

Expenses

Expenses refer to the outflow of funds or the incurrence of a liability by a business as a result of its operations, such as costs for materials, labor, and overhead.

Owner's Equity

The residual interest in the assets of the entity after deducting liabilities.

Owner Investments

Funds or assets introduced by the owner(s) into the business to provide financial resources for operations or expansion.