Dr Phillips Is a Cognitive-Developmental Psychologist Who Studies How Children

question 14

Essay

Dr. Phillips is a cognitive-developmental psychologist who studies how children learn mathematical principles. His current interest is in studying how children learn multiplication. He recruits 54 second-graders who have not yet learned how to multiply numbers to participate in his study. He is curious as to whether different teaching styles lead to better mastery of the subject. One condition (A) involves having students read a chapter on multiplication from their textbook. One condition (B) involves having students watch a video of cartoon characters explaining multiplication. One condition (C) involves having students being taught multiplication by a teacher. One condition (D) involves having students being taught multiplication by a fourth-grader. In all conditions, participants spend 30 minutes learning the fundamentals of multiplication and are then given the same 15-question multiplication test. The number of questions answered correctly is recorded. The data are below.

Explain why Dr. Phillips cannot conduct a within-groups design.

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Definitions:

Transportation Model

An optimization algorithm used in logistics and operations research to minimize the costs of distributing products across various locations.

Linear Programming

A mathematical technique used to achieve the best outcome (such as maximum profit or lowest cost) in a model with linear relationships.

Regular Employment

Employment characterized by a long-term contractual relationship between the employee and employer, often including benefits and job security.

Holding Costs

Expenses related to storing unsold goods or materials, including warehousing, insurance, and deterioration, a component of carrying costs.