Dr Phillips Is a Cognitive-Developmental Psychologist Who Studies How Children

question 19

Essay

Dr. Phillips is a cognitive-developmental psychologist who studies how children learn mathematical principles. His current interest is in studying how children learn multiplication. He recruits 54 second-graders who have not yet learned how to multiply numbers to participate in his study. He is curious as to whether different teaching styles lead to better mastery of the subject. One condition (A) involves having students read a chapter on multiplication from their textbook. One condition (B) involves having students watch a video of cartoon characters explaining multiplication. One condition (C) involves having students being taught multiplication by a teacher. One condition (D) involves having students being taught multiplication by a fourth-grader. In all conditions, participants spend 30 minutes learning the fundamentals of multiplication and are then given the same 15-question multiplication test. The number of questions answered correctly is recorded. The data are below.

Write a question you would ask of Dr. Phillips' study to interrogate each of the four validities.

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Definitions:

Diversity

The inclusion of a wide range of different people, ideas, cultures, and characteristics in a group or organization.

Racism

Prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one's own race is superior.

Low-context

A communication style where messages are explicit and specific, relying less on situational and non-verbal cues.

Explicitly Spelled Out

Information or instructions that are provided in a clear, direct, and detailed manner, leaving no room for confusion or interpretation.