Dr. Phillips is a cognitive-developmental psychologist who studies how children learn mathematical principles. His current interest is in studying how children learn multiplication. He recruits 54 second-graders who have not yet learned how to multiply numbers to participate in his study. He is curious as to whether different teaching styles lead to better mastery of the subject. One condition (A) involves having students read a chapter on multiplication from their textbook. One condition (B) involves having students watch a video of cartoon characters explaining multiplication. One condition (C) involves having students being taught multiplication by a teacher. One condition (D) involves having students being taught multiplication by a fourth-grader. In all conditions, participants spend 30 minutes learning the fundamentals of multiplication and are then given the same 15-question multiplication test. The number of questions answered correctly is recorded. The data are below.
Identify the independent variable(s), dependent variable(s), and a control variable in Dr. Phillips' study.
Definitions:
Living Organisms
Entities that exhibit the characteristics of life, including the ability to grow, reproduce, perform metabolic functions, and adapt to their environment.
Basic Units
The fundamental components or building blocks from which something is constructed or based.
Transmission Mechanisms
The processes by which signals or forces are conveyed from one part to another, such as in the transmission of nerve impulses.
Genes
Segments of DNA located on chromosomes, that contain the instructions for the synthesis of proteins, influencing individual traits.
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