Dr Phillips Is a Cognitive-Developmental Psychologist Who Studies How Children

question 58

Essay

Dr. Phillips is a cognitive-developmental psychologist who studies how children learn mathematical principles. His current interest is in studying how children learn multiplication. He recruits 54 second-graders who have not yet learned how to multiply numbers to participate in his study. He is curious as to whether different teaching styles lead to better mastery of the subject. One condition (A) involves having students read a chapter on multiplication from their textbook. One condition (B) involves having students watch a video of cartoon characters explaining multiplication. One condition (C) involves having students being taught multiplication by a teacher. One condition (D) involves having students being taught multiplication by a fourth-grader. In all conditions, participants spend 30 minutes learning the fundamentals of multiplication and are then given the same 15-question multiplication test. The number of questions answered correctly is recorded. The data are below.

Using Dr. Phillips' study as an example, explain the difference between a control group and a comparison group. Why did Dr. Phillips' study not have a control group?

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Definitions:

Good-faith Purchaser

Someone who buys property without knowledge of any existing claims or defects against it, thus acquiring free and clear ownership.

Voidable

Describes a contract or transaction that may appear to be valid but can be legally declared void by one of the parties to the contract for reasons such as fraud or coercion.

Good Title

refers to a legal term meaning ownership of property is legally valid, with no encumbrances or disputes that could question rightful ownership.

CIF

"Cost, Insurance, and Freight," a term used in international shipping agreements where the seller is responsible for the transportation costs, insurance, and freight charges to the designated port.