To Study the Effects of Physical Discomfort on Attention, Dr

question 15

Essay

To study the effects of physical discomfort on attention, Dr. Lopez conducted the following study: A group of participants were required to keep one hand submerged in cold water (52 degrees). Half of the participants kept their hand in the water for 2 minutes, and half of the participants kept their hand in the water for 4 minutes. In addition, half of the participants were given a placebo pill and told it would reduce the pain of the water (pain relief assumed). The other half were given a placebo pill and told that it would have no effect (no pain relief assumed). While their hands were in the water, participants were asked to watch a video where a ball is quickly passed between and underneath three cups. At the end of the video, participants were asked to indicate under which cup the ball could be found. Whether or not the participant picked the correct cup was recorded (as a measure of whether they were paying attention). The results are below.

Using factorial notation, describe Dr. Lopez's study. Given this information, how many main effects and interactions will Dr. Lopez need to examine?

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Definitions:

Desired Behaviors

Desired behaviors refer to specific actions or reactions that an organization seeks to encourage or reinforce among its members.

Restraining Forces

Factors that hinder or slow down the process of organizational change, including employee resistance, inadequate resources, and poor communication.

Driving Forces

Driving forces are factors that push in a direction that causes change or influence events.

Change Agents

Individuals or entities that act as catalysts for change within an organization, driving and facilitating change efforts.