Dr Fletcher Is Interested in Understanding Whether Joining a Fraternity/sorority

question 17

Essay

Dr. Fletcher is interested in understanding whether joining a fraternity/sorority causes people to become more concerned about their attractiveness and appearance. He recruits a group of 55 freshmen (25 males, 30 females) who are planning to go through fraternity/sorority recruitment on his campus. After they join, he gives them a measure of attractiveness concern/appearance concern (the Body Concern Scale, where higher scores indicate higher body concerns).
In addition to measuring the body concern of the participants who joined a fraternity/sorority immediately before and immediately after they join, Dr. Fletcher measures them for the 3 weeks before and the 3 weeks after. Based on the results below, explain whether Dr. Fletcher should be concerned about a testing threat to internal validity.

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Definitions:

Total Variable

Expenses that change in proportion to the activity of a business, such as costs of goods sold, which vary with the level of production or sales volume.

Average Variable Cost

The variable costs of production (costs that change with output level) divided by the quantity of output, indicating the average variable cost per unit.

Producing Purses

Producing purses involves the manufacturing and assembling of various materials to create handbags and similar accessories.

Average Fixed Cost

The sum of all production fixed costs divided by the number of units produced.