A 78-Year-Old Female Is Scheduled for Compression Nail Insertion of a Left

question 9

Multiple Choice

A 78-year-old female is scheduled for compression nail insertion of a left fractured hip.She was positioned for a spinal injection to induce spinal anesthesia.During the process,the anesthesia provider inadvertently inserted the spinal needle into the subarachnoid space,not noticing the error until the entire syringe of lidocaine was administered to the patient.The patient immediately experienced rapid onset of hypotension,bradycardia,and apnea.This unintentional condition is called ______________ and now must be managed with _____________.

• A) total subarachnoid syndrome; mechanical ventilation
• B) hypotensive apnea episode; tracheostomy and humidified positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)
• C) cardiogenic shock; advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) protocol
• D) total spinal anesthesia; general endotracheal anesthesia

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Definitions:

Carbonyl Compounds

Organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group (C=O) as part of their structure, including ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and amides.

Equilibrium Constants

A dimensionless number representing the ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations at equilibrium, with each concentration raised to the power of its coefficient in the balanced equation.

Aldehydes

Organic compounds characterized by the presence of a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom, typically found at the end of a molecule.

Ketones

Organic compounds characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms, prominent in many biological and synthetic contexts.