Mechanisms Used by the Skin to Prevent Infection and Protect

question 32

Multiple Choice

Mechanisms used by the skin to prevent infection and protect the underlying tissue from invasion by potential pathogens include all the following, except

• A) desquamation of the epithelium.
• B) excretion of lysozyme by sweat glands.
• C) antibiotics that inhibit many microorganisms.
• D) mechanical separation of microorganisms from the tissues.

---

Definitions:

Chemiosmosis

Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient, fundamental in processes like ATP synthesis in cells.

Proton Gradient

A gradient formed by the difference in proton concentrations across a membrane, often used to generate ATP in cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

Mitochondrial Membrane

The membrane that encloses the mitochondrion, consisting of an outer membrane and an inner membrane with folds known as cristae, where energy production occurs.

Citric Acid Cycle

A key component of cellular respiration, this cycle processes acetyl-CoA to produce energy, NADH, FADH2, and carbon dioxide.