Transposons Are

question 28

Multiple Choice

Transposons are

• A) circular structures present in bacteria that contain genes encoding proteins and RNA, and have the capacity to self-replicate and portion into daughter cells during cellular division.
• B) DNA elements that encode transposition and excision function and can transpose from one place on the chromosome to another.
• C) genetic elements capable of integrating resistance genes (cassettes) by an integron-encoded, site-specific recombinase.
• D) DNA elements found in bacteria that carry genes only for the enzymes needed to promote their own transposition.

Explain the principles of operant conditioning, including reinforcement types and their impact on behavior.

Distinguish between positive and negative reinforcement and their applications in behavior modification.

Describe shaping and its significance in learning complex behaviors.

Recognize the role of consequences in increasing or decreasing the likelihood of a behavior's recurrence.

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Definitions:

Executive Function

A set of cognitive processes including attentional control, inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, as well as reasoning, problem-solving, and planning.

Brain Region

An anatomically distinct area of the brain responsible for specific functions, such as the prefrontal cortex's role in decision-making.

Localization of Function

Localization of function is the concept that specific areas of the brain are responsible for particular physical or psychological functions.

Frontal Lobe

The part of the brain located at the front of each cerebral hemisphere, responsible for functions like decision making, problem-solving, control of purposeful behaviors, consciousness, and emotions.