Manuel Applied for a Variance from the Local Zoning Ordinance

question 75

Essay

Manuel applied for a variance from the local zoning ordinance in order to build a building. His neighbor, Sandra, appeared before the zoning board to speak in opposition to the application. At the hearing, Sandra testified under oath and made several untruthful statements regarding Manuel's character which she believed, but which were not correct. The variance was denied. Manuel is now considering a lawsuit against Sandra for slander. Does Manuel have a valid cause of action against Sandra? Explain. What are the elements that he must prove to win a case of slander? What defenses can Sandra raise to the action?

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Definitions:

Coefficient of Correlation

A statistical measure that calculates the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables, ranging from -1 to 1.

Independent Variable

The factor in an experiment that is deliberately manipulated to observe its effect on a dependent variable.

Aerobic Work-Out

Exercise that involves or improves oxygen consumption by the body, promoting cardiovascular health.

Operational Definition

A clear, precise criteria for measuring a variable or concept within an experiment, ensuring that the variable is quantifiable and the experiment replicable.