​Match Each Definition to the Corresponding Term.​

question 32

Multiple Choice

​Match each definition to the corresponding term.​
-Initiative and self-reliance

• A)Jean Piaget’s theory that children’s mental development proceeds in distinct stages that are qualitatively different from the thinking of adults; like John Dewey and Maria Montessori, Piaget believed early learning experiences had tremendous impact on children’s long-term cognitive development.
• B)Being a self-starter, a lifelong learner, and a creative problem-solver
• C)He had a world-famous school that was based on learning as a part of daily life, and was specifically designed to foster the characteristics that are essential for living in a democracy.
• D)Control by a single person having unlimited power
• E)Those holding the view that the environment is the primary determinant of human behavior and that objectively observable behavior constitutes the essential psychological makeup of a human being
• F)His theory of personality was based on the humane and ethical treatment of persons. He argued that to reach their full potential, human beings must have positive regard from others that eventually leads to the development of positive self-regard. Robert Carkhuff and George Gazda refined his theories into practical, hands-on techniques beneficial to therapists and educators.
• G)Being cooperative, having a sense of fair play, and respecting the rights of others
• H)Having established habits of accomplishing tasks, taking pride in the accomplishments, and accepting responsibility for the results
• I)Causes a wasting away of the child’s body. This condition can result from prolonged absence of emotional nurturance as well as from malnutrition, and affected infants typically show delays in motor and intellectual development.
• J)Absence of any form of control; chaos and disorder
• K)Tabula rasa
• L)Another term for developmental interactionists, who believe that learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based on their current/past knowledge. The learner selects and transforms information, constructs hypotheses, and makes decisions, relying on a cognitive structure to do so.
• M)Area of potential learning identified by Lev Vygotsky; he believed that adults played an important role.
• N)Scientists who study the behavior of living creatures under normal conditions
• O)Those holding the view that internal predisposition, physiological characteristics, or inherited traits account for the essential psychological makeup of a human being
• P)The principles of social equality and respect for the individual within a cohesive community
• Q)Alfred Adler’s analysis of behavior holding that human beings were capable of working cooperatively, living together peacefully, and striving for self-improvement, self-fulfillment, and to contribute to the common welfare of the community
• R)Willingness to put aside one’s immediate interests for the good of the team

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Definitions:

Net Profits

The amount of money that remains from revenues after all operating expenses, taxes, and interest have been deducted.

Performance Period

The specific timeframe over which the output or effectiveness of an activity or individual is measured.

Reinforcement Theory

A motivational theory suggesting that people are likely to repeat behavior that is rewarded and avoid behavior that is punished.

Operant Conditioning

An educational method where the intensity of an action is altered through rewards or penalties.