Match Each Definition to the Corresponding Term

question 30

Multiple Choice

Match each definition to the corresponding term.
-Cooperation

• A)Group of individuals who share similar educational principles, who work toward common goals, whose activities are linked, and whose collaborative efforts create a synchronized energy in which the power of the group is more profound than that of any one individual; for children, a group that nurtures a sense of belonging among the children and adults in a program where children learn that all contribute to each other’s learning
• B)Behavior that is generous in nature; a way of acting that benefits others with no motive of personal gain
• C)Behavior that detracts from the welfare of others or has a generally negative effect on persons with whom one comes in contact; typically marked by lack of ethical restraint, lack of moral control, impulsiveness, and an inability to experience feelings of guilt
• D)To train, educate, or nourish
• E)Learning activity instigated by the child’s natural curiosity and desire to learn rather than by the adult’s direction, manipulation, or coercion
• F)The most obvious routes children will take as they move around the classroom
• G)Physical retribution; in the case of early childhood care and education, this usually means spanking or paddling. Although physical punishment that hurts may appear to stop a behavior immediately, it is known to increase children’s aggression, slow their moral development, and risk their overall mental health.
• H)The circumstances or conditions that surround the young child; everything he or she experiences, including objects, activities, routines, and people
• I)Natural, relying on native plants, trees, grassy slopes, stumps, and rock formations rather than on manufactured equipment
• J)A teaching strategy originally developed by Maria Montessori and also known as self-correction; materials are designed to provide instant feedback to the child if he or she has made a mistake, or they are designed to make it impossible for the child to make a mistake. This puts control in the hands of the learner and protects the child’s self-esteem and self-motivation.
• K)Working with others unselfishly toward a common goal
• L)A particularly devastating type of child abuse that can be caused by direct blows to the head, dropping or throwing a child, or shaking a child
• M)Behavior that improves the welfare of others or has a generally positive effect on persons with whom one comes in contact
• N)Phase in daily activities in which a child must give up one activity and begin another activity. These difficult phases between activities may cause children to balk at moving from one thing to the next; additionally, the confusion and stress of the changeover may trigger misbehavior
• O)Putting oneself into others’ shoes, to feel what they feel, to have insight into their thoughts and actions
• P)Seeing oneself as the center of the universe, self-centered, selfish; this point of view is a perfectly normal development characteristic of babies and very young children.

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Definitions:

Explicit Memory

The conscious recollection of factual information, previous experiences, and concepts.

Implicit Memory

A kind of memory where earlier encounters enhance task performance, all without the person's conscious recognition of these encounters.

Hippocampus

A region of the brain that is associated with the formation of memories.

Long-Term Potentiation

A process where repeated stimulation enhances the strength of synaptic connections, fundamental for learning and memory.