Which of the Following Is Referred to as the Bottom-Up

question 63

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is referred to as the bottom-up aspect of the budgeting process?

• A) lower-level managers setting their individual targets that aggregate to be the company-wide target
• B) senior managers consulting middle- and lower-level managers to investigate any deviations from the budget
• C) lower-level managers implementing the budgets with senior managers monitoring progress and investigating deviations
• D) lower-level managers providing inputs to the budgeting process based on their specialized knowledge and familiarity of the operation

Grasp the significance of Organizational effectiveness and strategies in the context of OD.

Recognize the impact of organizational culture and its importance in the process of OD.

Understand different OD strategies and techniques, including their focus on continuous improvement, team building, and quality management.

Understand the historical foundations and evolution of psychology.

---

Definitions:

Negative Attitudes

Dispositions or feelings of dislike, opposition, or adverse judgments toward individuals, groups, or concepts.

Internal Leadership

Leadership that focuses on influencing and motivating members within an organization rather than external stakeholders.

Gift-Cards

Prepaid stored-value money cards, issued by a retailer or bank, used as an alternative to cash for purchases within a particular store or related businesses.

Team Excellence

The achievement of superior outcomes and performance by a group, through effective collaboration, communication, and coordination.