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The Equivalent Variation for an increase in the price of a good is
Fear
An emotional response to perceived threats or dangers, resulting in physiological and behavioral reactions.
Conditioned Stimulus
A previously neutral stimulus that, after being repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus, begins to trigger a conditioned response.
Discriminative Stimulus
A cue that signals the availability of reinforcement or punishment following a specific behavior, influencing its occurrence.
Secondary Reinforcers
Stimuli which become rewarding through their association with primary reinforcers, such as praise, tokens, or money.
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