Alagille Syndrome Involves a Failure of Proper Segmentation of the Paraxial

question 7

Multiple Choice

Alagille syndrome involves a failure of proper segmentation of the paraxial mesoderm,ultimately resulting in defects of the vertebral column.Which signaling pathway is mutated in patients with Alagille?

• A) Notch-Delta
• B) TGF-beta
• C) Tyrosine Kinase
• D) Ephrin-EPH
• E) Integrin

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Definitions:

Freudian Period

A phase in Sigmund Freud’s career or the historical period influenced by Freud’s theories and methodologies in psychoanalysis.

Puberty

The phase in human development during which adolescents undergo physical and hormonal changes that lead to sexual maturity.

Fixation

A persistent focus of the id’s pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier stage of psychosexual development, leading to unbalanced personality and behaviors.

Oral Stage

The first stage in Freud's psychosexual development, occurring in the first year of life, where pleasure is focused on the mouth area through activities such as sucking and biting.