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Describe How the Developmental Themes from the Text (Active-Passive; Continuity-Discontinuity;

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Essay

Describe how the developmental themes from the text (active-passive; continuity-discontinuity; holistic; and nature-nurture) are evident throughout the development of aggression, altruism, and morality.


Definitions:

Instrumental Learning

A learning process in which behavior is modified by the reinforcing or inhibitory effects of the resulting consequences.

Response

A reaction to a specific stimulus or situation, which can be verbal, physical, or emotional in nature.

Reward

A reward refers to a positive reinforcement given in response to a desired behavior, intended to encourage that behavior's recurrence.

Concept Formation

The mental process involved in grouping or categorizing objects, events, or ideas based on common features or characteristics.

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