Examlex
Patent laws and regulatory requirements such as required FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approval to launch new products shield pharmaceutical companies' positions in this slow-cycle market.
Oedipal Complex
A psychoanalytic theory that describes a child's feelings of desire for the opposite-sex parent and jealousy towards the same-sex parent.
Superego
A component of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, describing the part of the psyche that acts as a self-critical conscience, reflecting social standards learned from parents and teachers.
Reinforcement
In behaviorism, the reward or relief that follows a behavior, making it likely that the behavior will occur again.
Punishment
The imposition of a penalty as retribution for an offense or undesirable behavior, often used as a method to discourage such behavior.
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