Employee Efforts That Go Above and Beyond the Call of Duty

question 150

Multiple Choice

Employee efforts that go above and beyond the call of duty represent:

• A) organizational behavior.
• B) citizenship behavior.
• C) the Pygmalion effect.
• D) none of these

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Definitions:

Unfavorable Variances

Differences where actual costs are higher than standard or expected costs in budgeting.

Cost Variance

The difference between the estimated cost of a project or production and the actual cost incurred.

Standard Cost

A predetermined cost of manufacturing, established based on historical data, for the purpose of budgeting and performance evaluation.

Actual Cost

The true cost incurred to produce a good or deliver a service, including all direct and indirect expenses.