Consider the following data that identifies real gross domestic product (GDP) in comparison to the long-run trend of real GDP to answer the following questions: 
-In what quarter did this economy enter a recession?
Definitions:
Standard Deviation
A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values, indicating how much the values deviate from the mean.
Capital Budgeting
The procedure a company follows to assess possible significant projects or investments.
NPV
Net Present Value; a method used in capital budgeting to evaluate the profitability of an investment or project by discounting all expected future cash flows to their present value using a specific discount rate.
Firm's Risk Character
The inherent risk profile of a company, based on its operations, industry sector, financial position, and other factors, affecting its return and stock valuation.
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