To Demonstrate That an Increase in Advertising Causes a Sales

question 60

Multiple Choice

To demonstrate that an increase in advertising causes a sales increase,one must be able to show that the increase in advertising occurred before the increase in sales.Which of the preconditions for causation is being illustrated?

• A)correlation
• B)appropriate time order of occurrence
• C)elimination of all possible causal factors
• D)elimination the effects of the independent variable
• E)none of these

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Definitions:

Shaping

A method of behavior training in which reinforcement is given for progressively closer approximations of the desired behavior.

Ratio Schedule

In behavior modification, a reinforcement schedule that provides rewards after a certain number of responses, encouraging consistent behavior.

Interval Schedule

A type of reinforcement schedule in operant conditioning that delivers a reward after a variable or fixed interval of time has passed.

Operant Response Rates

The rate at which an organism performs a behavior that is reinforced by a consequence in a given period, used in operant conditioning research.