RESEARCH STUDY 3.5 From a Slate.com Article Entitled "Psych-Out Sexism: the Innocent, Unconscious

question 41

Essay

RESEARCH STUDY 3.5
From a Slate.com article entitled "Psych-Out Sexism: The Innocent, Unconscious Bias That Discourages Girls from Math and Science," published on March 1, 2011.
Stout, Dasgupta, and their colleagues wanted to find out why women's outstanding performance on science and math tests in high school and college correlates so weakly with their eventual interest in pursuing careers in those fields. In high school and college, girls increasingly earn math and science grades equal to or better than the grades of their male peers. But when it comes to choosing a career in math or science, more men than women decide to walk through those open doors.
The psychologists asked female students studying biology, chemistry, and engineering to take a very tough math test. All the students were greeted by a senior math major who wore a T-shirt displaying Einstein's E =? mc2 equation. For some volunteers, the math major was male. For others, the math major was female. This tiny tweak made a difference: Women attempted more questions on the tough math test (comprising 10 questions) when they were greeted by a female math major rather than a male math major.
-Refer to Research Study 3.5 above to answer the following question.
Explain the difference between a variable and a constant.Give an example of each in the above study.

Distinguish between valid and invalid indicators of counseling effectiveness.

Understand how to appropriately evaluate a client’s progress in nutrition counseling using behavioral and biochemical parameters.

Understand the importance of selecting appropriate, enjoyable, and personal goals for physical activity to enhance regular participation.

Identify appropriate physical activity recommendations for different age groups and special populations, including preschool children, older adults, pregnant women, and individuals during the postpartum period.

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Definitions:

Preconscious

In Freud’s topographic model, the part of personality that contains thoughts that can be brought into awareness with little difficulty.

Ego

In psychoanalytic theory, the part of the personality that mediates between the desires of the id, the norms of the superego, and the realities of the external world.

Topographic Model

A framework in Freudian psychoanalysis that divides the mind into the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious levels of awareness.

Preconscious

The part of the mind containing information that is not currently in conscious awareness but can be easily brought to consciousness.