Which of the Following Is a Threat to Internal Validity

question 47

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a threat to internal validity found in within-groups designs but not in independent-groups designs?

• A) Selection effects
• B) Design confounds
• C) Counterbalancing
• D) Demand characteristics
• E) Practice effects

---

Definitions:

Theorist

An individual who formulates theories or hypotheses in a specific field of study, often contributing to the academic understanding of that area.

Nature

The phenomena of the physical world collectively, including plants, animals, the landscape, and other features and products of the earth, as opposed to humans or human creations.

Nurture

The influence of external factors like education and the environment on an individual's behavior and development.

Correlation Coefficient

A statistical measure that indicates the extent to which two or more variables fluctuate together, showcasing the strength and direction of their relationship.