What Are Some of the Challenges That Inner Cities Face

question 25

Essay

What are some of the challenges that inner cities face in the U.S.?

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Definitions:

Reinforcement

A process in operant conditioning that increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated, which can be either positive (by adding a stimulus) or negative (by removing a stimulus).

Negative Contrast Effect

The effect in which a shift from high to low reward magnitude produces a lower level of responding than if the reward magnitude had always been low.

Reward

A beneficial stimulus that increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated when it follows that behavior.

Variable-interval Schedule

A reinforcement schedule in which rewards are given following a variable amount of time.